Louise Blanchard Bethune

MAJOR PROJECTS

1882- 86 Buffalo Public Schools, Buffalo, NY

1886 74th Regiment Armory, Buffalo, NY

1890 Lockport Highschool, Lockport, NY

1904 Hotel Lafayette, Buffalo, NY

AWARDS & HONORS

The first woman admitted to an architectural professional association (Western Association of Architects, in 1885)

First woman admitted to AIA, 1888

First woman member of FAIA, 1889

Jennie Louise Blanchard Bethune, born on July 21, 1856, in Waterloo, New York, was a trailblazing figure in architecture. A non-traditional education marked her early years, as she was taught at home until the age of eleven. This early home education likely nurtured her independent thinking and curiosity. At eleven, she transitioned to formal schooling in Buffalo, New York, where an unexpected event would shape her future career. During her high school years, a critical remark directed at her kindled her initial interest in architecture. What began as a playful curiosity soon blossomed into a lifelong passion and a determined pursuit of a career in a field that, at the time, was overwhelmingly dominated by men.

Louise’s natural strength of character and independence were pivotal in her journey to becoming an architect. In 1874, she graduated from high school and initially planned to attend Cornell University, which had recently opened its doors. She spent two years preparing for this, a testament to her dedication to higher education. However, in 1876, Louise made a bold decision that would alter the course of her life. Instead of attending Cornell, she accepted an apprenticeship with Richard Waite, a prominent architectural firm in Buffalo. This choice reflected her practical approach to learning the craft of architecture and her desire to gain hands-on experience in the field.

Her time at Richard Waite’s firm was crucial in shaping her skills and professional outlook. After five years of rigorous training and work, Louise felt prepared to strike out on her own. In October 1881, she established her architectural practice, an extraordinary achievement for a woman at that time. Not long after, Robert Bethune, a former colleague from the Waite firm, joined her in this venture. The two shared not only a professional partnership but also a personal one, as they were married in December 1881. Their firm later expanded with the inclusion of William Fuchs as a partner, leading to the formation of Bethune-Bethune & Fuchs.

The timing of Louise’s entry into the architectural profession coincided with a period of significant economic and urban growth in Buffalo, largely driven by the opening of the Erie Canal. This economic boom brought a wealth of opportunities to her firm, which quickly gained a reputation for its diverse portfolio of projects. Louise and her team were involved in designing a wide range of buildings, including institutional, commercial, industrial, hospitality, and residential structures. Each project not only demonstrated her firm’s versatility but also contributed to the shaping of Buffalo’s architectural landscape.

Louise Blanchard Bethune’s achievements extended beyond her professional practice. In 1885, she broke new ground by becoming the first woman to be admitted to the Western Association of Architects (WAA). This milestone was a significant recognition of her skills and contributions to the field. Her leadership abilities soon became apparent, as the following year, she played a central role in organizing the Buffalo Society of Architects, which is now known as AIA Buffalo/NY. She served as its Vice President and Treasurer, positions that highlighted her influence and commitment to advancing the profession.

Her groundbreaking achievements continued in 1888 when she became the first woman elected to the American Institute of Architects (AIA). This recognition was not just a personal triumph but also a significant moment in the history of architecture, as it marked the beginning of greater gender inclusivity within the profession. Following the merger of the WAA and AIA, Louise was further honored by becoming the first female fellow of the AIA, solidifying her legacy as a pioneer for women in architecture.

One area of architecture that particularly interested Louise was the design of educational facilities. This focus was likely influenced by her upbringing, as both of her parents were educators. Her understanding of education and its importance was reflected in her firm’s work on numerous school buildings. In 1881, Buffalo Public Schools initiated an ambitious master plan under the direction of Superintendent James Crooker. Louise’s firm played a crucial role in this initiative, designing and completing many of the schools that were built as part of this plan. Her work in this area not only met the needs of a growing city but also set new standards for the design of educational spaces.

Throughout her life, Louise remained deeply involved in various clubs and societies, reflecting her commitment to both her profession and her community. Her engagement in these organizations provided her with platforms to advocate for the advancement of architecture and the inclusion of women in the field. Louise Blanchard Bethune passed away on December 18, 1913, leaving behind a legacy that continues to inspire architects, particularly women, to this day. She was laid to rest at Forest Lawn Cemetery, a fitting resting place for a woman who had done so much to shape the physical and cultural landscape of her city.